Postage will usually be more than $12.00, final costs will vary depending on the destination and size of the parcel. Needles, Patterns & other envelope sized products will be only $6.00 p/h (we will adjust the postage cost manually prior to processing your payment). All such large/heavy products have this information noted in their product description. In this case you will be contacted to advise the final postal costs. Please note that where your order contains large or heavy items an additional fee will be charged. Our findings highlight the important role phase function can have in controlling translucent appearance, and provide tools for manipulating its effect in material design applications.Our products are delivered via Australia Post.Ī flat Postage and Handling fee of $12.00 is added to all orders at checkout. We show that our expansion of the space of phase functions enlarges the range of achievable translucent appearance compared to traditional single-parameter phase function models.
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Through our analysis of this space, we find uniform parameterizations of its two axes by analytical expressions of moments of the phase function, and provide an intuitive characterization of the visual effects that can be achieved at different parts of it. Our study identifies a two-dimensional embedding of the physical scattering parameters in a perceptually-meaningful appearance space. We consider an expanded space of phase functions created by linear combinations of Henyey-Greenstein and von Mises-Fisher lobes, and we study this physical parameter space using computational data analysis and psychophysics. This paper explores the perception of translucency by studying the image effects of variations in one factor of multiple scattering: the phase function. Multiple scattering contributes critically to the characteristic translucent appearance of food, liquids, skin, and crystals but little is known about how it is perceived by human observers. We also provide a table of RGB scattering parameters for some common liquids and solids, which are validated by simulating color images in novel geometric configurations that match the corresponding photographs with less than 5% error. We validate results by measuring prescribed nano-dispersions and showing that recovered parameters match those predicted by Lorenz-Mie theory. We evaluate our approach by creating an acquisition setup that collects images of a material slab under narrow-beam RGB illumination. It offers several advantages: (1) it does not require isolating singlescattering events (2) it allows measuring solids and liquids that are hard to dilute (3) it returns parameters in physically-meaningful units and (4) it does not restrict the shape of the phase function using Henyey-Greenstein or any other low-parameter model. The optimization combines stochastic gradient descent with Monte Carlo rendering and a material dictionary to invert the radiative transfer equation. We introduce an optimization framework for measuring bulk scattering properties of homogeneous materials (phase function, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient) that is more accurate, and more applicable to a broad range of materials. However, physically-accurate parameters for scattering materials are difficult to acquire. Translucent materials are ubiquitous, and simulating their appearance requires accurate physical parameters.
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We believe similarity theory is important for simulating and acquiring volume-based appearance, and our approach has the potential to benefit a wide range of future applications in this area. For inverse rendering, we propose a proof-of-concept approach which warps the parameter space and greatly improves the efficiency of gradient descent algorithms. Forward rendering is our main application, and we develop an algorithm exploiting similarity relations to offer "free" speedups for Monte Carlo rendering of optically dense and forward-scattering materials.
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We demonstrate the practical utility of our work using two applications: forward and inverse rendering of translucent media. To utilize the theory in its general high-order form, we introduce a new approach to solve for the altered parameters including the absorption and scattering coefficients as well as a fully tabulated phase function. This paper presents a complete exposition of similarity theory, which provides fundamental insights into the structure of the RTE's parameter space.
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Unfortunately, given a set of scattering parameters, it remains unclear how to find altered ones satisfying these relations, significantly limiting the theory's practical value. Similarity theory studies this effect by introducing a hierarchy of equivalence relations called "similarity relations". Radiative transfer equations (RTEs) with different scattering parameters can lead to identical solution radiance fields.